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When new investors step into the stock market, one of the first terms they come across is Demat Account. You may have heard people say “Trading shuru karna hai? Pehle Demat account kholna padta hai.” But very few truly understand the demat account meaning, its role and what makes it essential for long-term investing.
Just like you need a bank account to store your money safely, you need a Demat Account to store your investments securely. Whether you’re buying shares, ETFs, bonds or mutual fund units, everything stays in digital form, organised in one account.
In this blog, we will break down what is Demat account, what is the use of Demat, and why it has become the foundation of investing in India today.
What is Demat Account?
Demat Account, short for a Dematerialized Account, is like a secure digital vault for your investments, making stock market participation easy and safe. It eliminates the necessity for physical share certificates, mitigating risks such as loss and forgery.
Introduced in India in 1996, Demat Accounts became a game-changer when SEBI mandated the Dematerialization of shares and debentures in 2019. When you open a Demat Account, you convert physical securities into an electronic format, simplifying trading.
“From paper to digital, from risk to ease – Demat Accounts redefined investing.”
To trade in stocks, you need both a Demat Account and a trading account. Your Demat Account is important for various investments, such as stocks, bonds, ETFs, and mutual funds.
Technology has streamlined Demat Account opening, making it a quick online process, contributing to its popularity, especially during the pandemic.
Benefits of Demat Accounts
If you’re new to investing or a seasoned pro, having a Demat Account offers numerous advantages that can simplify your financial journey. Here are some advantages of Demat Account:
- Document Safety: Keep your shares safe from loss or natural disasters by storing them digitally.
- Fraud Prevention: Avoid forgery and impersonation with authentic digital records.
- Loan Access: Use securities in your Demat Account as collateral for bank loans.
- Cost Savings: Reduce expenses like stamp duty and handling charges; save more with discount brokers.
- Time Efficiency: Buy and sell shares quickly; online transactions are faster than physical ones.
- Easy Tracking: No need to manage physical documents; all investments are digitally stored and easily tracked.
- Global Investment: Demat Accounts promote global access to the Indian stock market, benefiting the economy.
- Share Transfers: Transfer shares with ease, saving tim
- Liquidity: Easily sell shares for quick cash.
Types of Demat Accounts in India
Choosing the correct type of Demat Account can make a big difference in managing your investments. Let’s break it down.
1. Regular Demat Account:
- Who it’s for: Indian residents who handle their own stock investments.
- What it offers: Quick and hassle-free buying and selling of shares.
- Special feature: You can move your shares to other accounts without any charges. Everything is stored electronically.
- Where to get it: Offered by banks and discount brokers.
2. Repatriable Demat Account (for NRIs):
- Who it’s for: Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) who want to invest in India and abroad.
- What it offers:It allows NRIs to transfer money abroad, but they need to link it to their NRE Account.
- Important rule: Follows Foreign Exchange Management Act guidelines.
- Availability: You can get it at banks and discount brokers. Transfer rules depend on both countries’ governments.
3. Non-Repatriable Demat Account (for NRIs):
- Who it’s for: NRIs who want to invest in India but can’t transfer money abroad.
- What it offers: No option to move funds internationally. Need to link it to an NRO savings account.
- Switching from Regular to Non-Repatriable: Before becoming an NRI, you can switch to this account without losing your shares or opening a new one when abroad.
How to Open Demat Account Online?
Here are step-by-step process for opening a Demat account online.
Step 1: Pick a Trustworthy DP Website
First things first, do some research and find a DP website that’s safe and reliable. Once you’ve found one you like, head over to their website.
Step 2: Click “Open Demat Account”
When you’re on the DP website, look for the ‘Open Demat Account’ option and click on it. Then, just follow the steps they give you on the screen.
Step 3: Fill in the Demat Account Form
Now, it’s time to fill in the online form to get your Demat account. You’ll need to provide some basic details, like your phone number and email address.
Step 4: Get a One-Time OTP
After you enter your info, you’ll get a one-time OTP (that stands for a one-time password). You’ll need this to move forward.
Step 5: Upload and submit Your Documents
Next up, you’ll need to share some important documents. Your PAN card and banking details are important here. Enter your PAN number and the info from your bank that you’ll use for transactions.
Step 6: Complete the E-KYC Process
To finish up, you’ll need to verify your KYC info online. This step is crucial to ensure everything’s on the up and up. Once that’s done, you’ll get your Demat account number. You’re all set!
*NOTE: Usually, the Depository Participant (DP) will reach out to you to finish these formalities and get your Demat Account up.
How to Open Demat Account Offline?
In our tech-savvy world, most people open Demat accounts online. But not everyone is comfortable with the process. Let’s take a closer look at the steps for opening a Demat account offline.
Step 1: Pick and Visitthe Depository Participant (DP) Office
To start your Demat account journey, you first need to choose a Depository Participant (DP). This could be a bank, financial institution, or broker that’s licensed to help you create your Demat Account. Visit their office to open your Demat Account. When making your choice, consider factors like their brokerage fees, annual charges, and any extra perks they offer.
Step 2: Gather Your Required Documents
Next, you’ll need to gather a few essential documents and fill out an account opening form. Here’s what you’ll need:
- Your PAN card
- Proof of residence
- ID proof
- Passport-sized photos
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Step 3: Review and Sign the Agreement
Now, it’s time to go over an agreement that outlines all the rules, limitations, and rights related to having a Demat Account. Take your time to read it carefully, and don’t hesitate to ask questions if something’s unclear. Once you’re comfortable, sign the agreement, and the DP will also have an authorized person sign it. You’ll get a copy for your records.
Step 4: Get Your Unique Client ID
Once your account is set up, the DP will give you a unique Client ID. This unique identifier, along with other details, will grant you online access to your Demat Account.
Step 5: Get Instruction/Guidance Sheet
The DP will also provide you with an instruction sheet that comes in handy for various depository services like transfers and purchases. These sheets will guide you on how to use your Demat Account effectively.
Documents Required to Open a Demat Account
To start the procedure of opening a Demat account, a set of documents that include personal details, proof of address, income details, and identification proof.
*Note: You are required to provide 1 document as proof of identity and 1 as proof of address.
1. Proof of Identity (ID Proof)
- PAN Card: A Permanent Account Number card is mandatory for all Demat account holders.
- Aadhar Card: Aadhar serves as both proof of identity and address.
2. Proof of Address (Address Proof)
- Aadhar Card: It can also serve as proof of address.
- Utility Bills: You can provide a recent electricity bill, water bill, or gas bill in your name as an alternative address proof.
- Bank Statement: A bank statement with your address mentioned is acceptable.
- Passport: A valid passport with your current address.
- Voter ID: A voter Identification card can also be used as address proof.
3. Passport Size Photographs:
- You’ll need a few passport-sized photographs as part of your application.
4. Income Details
This may vary depending on the broker and the type of account. Some brokers may require income-related documents, while others may not. Income-related documents can include:
- Bank Statements: Showing your income transactions.
- Income Tax Returns (ITR): Copies of filed income tax returns.
- Salary Slips: If you are a salaried individual, providing recent salary slips can be required.
It’s important to understand that the specific document requirements can vary slightly between different brokerage firms and based on regulatory changes. It’s advisable to check with your chosen brokerage for their exact document requirements before opening a Demat account.
Demat Participants
1.Issuing Companies: These are the creators of securities like bonds and shares. They offer these digital versions to the public to raise money for their business. Think of them as the ones who kickstart the process by making these financial goodies.
2.Depository Participants (DPs): DPs are like the middlemen in this game. They help regular folks buy and sell these digital securities. They work with banks and brokers to make it all happen. So, if you want to get your hands on these digital assets, DPs are your go-to people.
3. Depositories: These are like super-secure digital vaults. Instead of dealing with paper certificates, they keep a digital record of who owns what. It’s a safer and more convenient way to manage investments. In India, you’ve got two big names here: NSDL (National Security Depository Ltd) and CDSL Central Depository of Securities India Ltd
- NSDL, or National Securities Depository Limited, came into existence in 1996 when Demat accounts were introduced in the Indian stock market. NSDL has not yet been listed in the market, but the company is reportedly planning for a listing in the future. However, specific details about NSDL IPO have not been disclosed at this time.
- CDSL, which stands for Central Depository Services Ltd, is another significant player alongside NSDL. CDSL has 592 registered partners and around 5.26 crore active accounts. Both NSDL and CDSL play vital roles in making it easier for people to invest in stocks and securities in India.
4. Regulators: They’re the referees in this financial game. In India, SEBI is the primary regulator, and they make sure everyone follows the rules and that investors are protected.
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How to Add Demat Account Nominee?
Securities and Exchange Board of India initially set a deadline for all eligible Trading and Demat account holders to nominate individuals who would have legal access to their investments in case of unforeseen events. This deadline was originally March 31, 2022. However, SEBI extended this deadline to March 31, 2023. Then, it has been further extended to September 30, 2023.
A nominee is a person you authorize to inherit and manage your investments in case something happens to you, preventing you from managing the account.
Online Process to Add Nominees
- You can appoint a maximum of three nominees to your Demat account, and you can also allocate specific percentages of your holdings to each nominee based on your preferences.
- For example, you could allocate 40% to nominee 1, 40% to nominee 2, and 20% to nominee 3.
- When selecting a nominee, keep in mind that it can be a family member, such as your father, mother, spouse, siblings, or children, or any other individual you trust.
- You can even add a minor as a nominee, but you must also provide details of their guardian.
Offline Process to Add Nominees
To add nominees to your Demat account, you’ll need to complete a nomination form with your account details and physical signature. Send this form, along with a copy of your ID proof, to your broker’s head office address. Once added, the nomination will apply to all the assets held under your Demat account.
There are several benefits to appointing a nominee for your Demat account:
1. Simplified Transfer: In the event of an unforeseen incident, having a nominee ensures the smooth transfer of securities, such as shares, bonds, and mutual fund units, from your Demat account.
2. Reduces Hassles: It spares your family from complex and time-consuming procedures, including legal battles, which would otherwise involve collecting and submitting multiple documents like NOCs (No Objection Certificates) and affidavits to the relevant authorities.
3. Eases the Burden: Choosing a nominee can ease the situation for your loved ones in case of your sudden and unexpected departure.
Typically, people designate a nominee when opening their Demat account. However, if you haven’t done so yet, you can still add a nominee by logging into your broker’s web portal. This ensures that your investments are safeguarded and can be managed by a trusted individual if the need arises.
Eligibility to Open a Demat Accounts
1. Age Requirement: You must be at least 18 years old to invest in the stock market independently. Minors can also have a Demat account, but it should be opened and managed by their parents or authorized guardians.When the minor turns 18, they need to provide the necessary KYC documents to transfer the account to their name.
2.PAN and KYC Information: You will be required a PAN card to open a Demat account. Along with the account opening, you’ll have to provide a copy of your PAN card and complete the KYC process.KYC, or Know Your Customer, verifies your identity, address, and income.In India, you also have the option to use your Aadhaar cardfor online KYC, which is a popular and convenient option.Make sure to have your Aadhaar card details ready and updated.
How many Demat Accounts can one have?
Whether you’re eyeing equities in the primary or secondary markets, SEBI mandates the use of a Demat account to securely house your securities. But here’s the good news – SEBI permits investors to have multiple Demat accounts in their names, making the process of managing your financial assets even more flexible.
Much like how you can open several bank accounts with different banks, you can open multiple Demat accounts with as many Depository Participants (DPs) or brokers as you desire. There is, however, a crucial requirement: linking your Permanent Account Number (PAN) with all of your Demat accounts. While you can only open one Demat account with a single DP or broker, there are no limits to the number of Demat accounts you can hold in total.
Advantages & Disadvantages of Having Multiple Demat Accounts
There are compelling reasons to consider opening more than one Demat account, each offering unique advantages that meet to your specific investment needs and preferences.
How to Buy Shares through a Demat Account?
Here are some easy steps to purchase shares through your Demat account.
Open a Demat Account: Start by opening a Demat (Dematerialized) account with a registered Depository Participant (DP) like a bank or brokerage firm. You’ll need to provide your identity and address proofs along with some other documents.
Link Your Bank Account:Link your savings or current bank account with your Demat account. This will allow you to transfer funds easily for buying shares.
Place an Order:Contact your broker or use their online trading platform. Specify the stock you want to buy, the quantity, and the price at which you want to purchase it. There are two types of orders: market order (buy at the current market price) and limit order (buy at a specific price or lower).
Check the Order Confirmation:Once you place the order, you’ll receive an order confirmation with the details of your purchase request.
Payment:Ensure you have sufficient funds in your bank account, which you have linked to cover the cost of the shares you want to buy.
Execution of Order: Your broker will execute the order when the market conditions match your specified criteria (for limit orders) or immediately (for market orders).
Shares in Your Demat Account:After you execute the order, the purchased shares will be credited to your Demat account. You can view them electronically.
Monitor Your Holdings:Keep an eye on your investments and track the performance of your shares through your Demat account.
That’s it! You’ve successfully bought shares through your Demat account. Remember that while buying shares is relatively straightforward, it’s important to do your research and consider your investment goals before making any decisions.
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What Are DP Charges?
Investing in the stock market involves certain charges and fees that apply to all traders and investors in India, regardless of whether they make a profit or not. One of these charges is known as DP charges, which stands for Depository Participant charges. Understanding DP charges is important as they are associated with buying and selling shares through a broker and are a part of every stock transaction.
DP charges are fixed and remain the same regardless of the number of shares you sell. They cover the cost of managing and maintaining your electronic securities in your Demat account, ensuring secure and efficient stock transactions.
DP charges apply to all stock trades, including BTST (Buy Today, Sell Tomorrow) transactions, as they are associated with the transfer of shares between your Demat and trading accounts.
Note: These charges may vary among brokers, with some charging more and others less.
Who Levies DP Charges?
DP charges, or Depository Participant charges, are levied by the Depository Participant (DP), like your stockbrokers, and are associated with maintaining and handling your Demat (Dematerialized) account. A DP is a financial institution or intermediary registered with depository entities like the National Securities Depository Limited (NSDL) or Central Depository Services (India) Limited (CDSL).
When you engage in trading or investing in the stock market through a DP, they impose DP charges as part of their service fee for maintaining your Demat account and facilitating secure transactions. And these charges may vary among DP(stockbrokers), with some charging more and others less.
Can we avoid DP charges?
No, you cannot avoid DP (Depository Participant) charges. These charges are applied when you sell shares from your Demat account, regardless of the stockbroker you use in India. While the rates may vary among brokers, they are a standard part of selling your holdings. However, if you engage in activities like intraday trading or trading in the derivatives (Future and Options) segment, you won’t incur DP charges because these charges are associated with delivery-based trades.
Final Words
A Demat account is essential for modern investing as it securely stores all your financial assets in digital form. Understanding Demat account meaning, benefits and types of demat helps you choose the right account and simplifies your overall investing experience.
FAQs on Demat Account in India
What is Demat account and why is it needed?
A Demat account holds your shares and securities in electronic form, making buying, selling and storing investments safe, fast and convenient.
What are the types of Demat accounts?
There are mainly three types: Regular Demat Account, Repatriable Demat Account and Non-Repatriable Demat Account, based on whether you are a resident or NRI.
What are the benefits of a Demat account?
It offers secure storage, low transaction costs, easy tracking, faster settlement, no paperwork and seamless access to shares, bonds, ETFs and mutual funds.
Happy investing and thank you for reading!
Disclaimer:
This website content is only for educational purposes, not investment advice. Before making any investment, it’s important to do your own research and be fully informed. Investing in the stock market includes risks, and you should carefully read the Risk Disclosure documents before proceeding. Please remember that past performance doesn’t guarantee future results, and due to market fluctuations, your investment goals may not always be achieved.
